List of science fiction novel tropes

What are tropes?

Tropes are common themes, plot devices or motifs. In other words, they are common scenarios and patterns that take place in a novel of a particular genre. For example, a common trope in science fiction novels is the alien invasion, where an army of aliens swarm an often unprepared earth!

Here is a list of science fiction tropes to use as inspiration in your own novel.

List of science fiction tropes

Alien tropes

  • Aliens crash land on earth

  • Clone has an identity crisis

  • Benevolent aliens

  • Alien coverup – the government is lying about the existence of aliens

  • Alien zoo – where humans are kept as exhibits in an alien zoo

  • Hive minds

  • Hive mind aliens

  • Aliens make contact with earth

  • Aliens are humans

  • Superorganisms

  • Extraterrestrial life

  • Humans gain superpowers

  • Born in a lab

  • Sentient aliens

  • Alien races with no emotions

  • Alien encounters

  • Alien invasion

  • UFOs

  • Interspecies romance

Space and time travel tropes

  • The lone survivor

  • Translation droids

  • Space odyssey

  • Space opera

  • Time travel tourism

  • Hyperspace

  • Slipstream

  • Warp drives

  • Embryo space colonization

  • Accidental space travel

  • Contact

  • Space scoundrel

  • Galaxy domination

  • Galaxies

  • Intergalactic war

  • Interstellar travel

  • Time paradox

  • Time loop

  • Warp speed

  • Travel to the centre of the earth

  • Space exploration

  • Space ships

  • Space westerns

  • Generation ships

  • Terraforming a planet

  • Space stations

  • Intergalactic battleships

  • Space pirates

  • Parallel universe

  • Time travel

  • Lost in Space

  • Space tourism

  • Cloaking devices

Apocalyptic tropes

  • Imminent death

  • Nuclear wasteland

  • Mass extinction

  • Dead zones

  • Post-apocalyptic

  • Post-apocalyptic world

  • Urban decay

  • Overpopulation

Dystopian tropes

  • Corporate domination

  • Loss of individuality

  • Class conflict

  • Resistance movement

  • Dystopian futures

  • Survival

  • Utopia creating dystopia

  • Utopia

  • AI gone rogue

  • Military state

Technology and science tropes

  • Nanotechnology

  • Made up technology – whack 'nano', 'gamma' or similar onto a made-up word and suddenly you have your own futuristic technology.

  • Domed cities

  • Artificial intelligence

  • Technology in the wrong hands

  • The ethics of scientific progress

  • Designer babies

  • Biological warfare

  • Mind control

  • Mind swap

  • Quest for immortality

  • Cryosleep

  • Shapeshifting

  • Parasites

  • Cloning

  • Creating Monsters

  • Mad scientist

  • Teleportation

  • Organ harvesting

  • Life is a simulation

  • Humans and the machine

  • Super soldiers

  • X-ray vision

  • Amnesia

  • Technologies

  • Genetic modification

  • Mind reading

  • Implants

  • Biological immortality

Robot tropes

  • Sentient AI

  • AI gains empathy

  • Cyborgs

  • Robot protagonist

War and fighting tropes

  • Battles in space

  • Deflector shields

  • Lasers

  • Blasters

  • Warring planets

  • Space drugs

Alternate reality tropes

  • Simulated Reality

  • Alternate universes

  • Alternate history –  this trope explores what would happen if a pivotal event in our planet's history, such as a war or the rise of a powerful person, ended differently than it did.

  • Altering history – opposed to alternate history where a historical event from the past ended differently, the altering history trope is when someone tries to alter a event in the past, such as the death of a loved one.

  • Butterfly effect – where one small event results in a significant change.

  • Trapped in a virtual reality

  • Virtual reality

  • Philosophical dilemmas

  • The chosen one

  • Mysterious artifact

  • Planets where everyone wears the same thing – we've all seen this one!

Environment tropes

  • Ecoterrorism

  • Nature reclaims the planet

  • Famine

  • Micro-gangs and communities

  • Bioterrorism

  • Environmental disasters

  • Environmental collapse – when earth is destroyed due to an environmental disaster.

  • Environmental refugees

  • Colony world

  • Forgotten civilisations

  • Scavengers

All the best with your science fiction novel! If you're not ready to go back to writing and feel you need more procrastination – I mean, planning – time, why don't you look at my developmental editing services or free writing advice?

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List of cozy fantasy novel tropes